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← ACTIVESRECORD A-04FAMILY DEPIGMENTING AGENT

Hydroquinone

Hydroquinone

ALSO — BENZENE-1,4-DIOL

A depigmenting ingredient used in prescription pigment treatments. Diagnosis, concentration, companion ingredients and the clinician's course plan determine which evidence is relevant.

A REFERENCE STRENGTH IN THE RANGE RECORDED4% ——— 12%
4%

The marker is a representative concentration from the cited records. The bar includes approved and compounded preparations recorded here. It is not a recommended dose, a minimum effective strength or a claim that other concentrations are untested. Evidence depends on the vehicle, indication and trial population.

IDENTITY & RATINGSA
INCIHydroquinone
FAMILYDepigmenting agent
MOL. WEIGHT110.11 g/mol
REFERENCE CONC.4%
RANGE SEEN4 – 12%
STATUSPRESCRIPTION ONLY
ACTS ATEPIDERMIS
ONSET8 WK
STABILITYOXIDISES — REQUIRES AN ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM AND OPAQUE PACKAGING
TRIALS ON FILE2
IRRITATION INDEX5 / 10
STRATUM CORNEUM▸ EPIDERMISDERMIS

The shaded band is the depth this molecule is understood to reach. Anything below it is out of scope, whatever the label says.

01

Mechanism

EVIDENCE GRADE A

Competitive tyrosinase inhibitor. Reduces melanin synthesis in melanocytes without reducing melanocyte number, which is why the effect reverses on stopping.

HOUSE NOTES

  • 4% is the concentration the evidence base is built on. This register has found it compounded at 6% and at 12% — the latter on body-sized surface areas, on open-ended monthly billing.
  • Exogenous ochronosis is the risk that makes it a course. The approved label names it and notes that the majority of reported cases are in Black patients.
  • The approved triple combination states in its own limitations of use that it is not for maintenance and that melasma usually recurs on stopping.
  • In the trials, the two-drug arm without hydroquinone cleared nobody at all.

MEASURED ENDPOINTS

Melasma cleared, trial 1+23%
8 WKREF-03
Melasma cleared, trial 2+9%
8 WKREF-04

SUPPORTING RECORDS

  • Randomised, active-controlled against all three two-drug combinations in the identical vehicle

    N=338 · 8 WK · INVESTIGATOR-ASSESSED

  • Randomised, active-controlled against all three two-drug combinations in the identical vehicle

    N=303 · 8 WK · INVESTIGATOR-ASSESSED

02

Layering

CONFLICTS & PAIRINGS
DO NOT LAYER
  • Benzoyl peroxide
  • Indefinite use
  • Peroxides and resorcinol
PAIRS WITH
  • Tretinoin
  • A low-potency corticosteroid, short-term
  • SPF 30 daily
03

Reviewed in

8 REVIEWS
04

Comparing prescriptions

RESEARCH CHECKED · 13 SEP 2026

A menu can describe several different prescriptions

Agency's current Dark Spot page includes hydroquinone and non-hydroquinone possibilities and describes clinician-directed transitions. It does not establish that every candidate ingredient is in one bottle, or that a single cycling calendar applies to all patients. Ask for the exact prescription and dates.

Compare a compound with the appropriate record

The TRI-LUMA review provides a named finished-product reference with a specific melasma indication. That evidence should not be presented as a trial of every hydroquinone compound or every type of discoloration. AAD's melasma guidance places diagnosis and sun protection within the treatment discussion.

Make the review point explicit

Ask how progress and irritation will be reviewed, whether a corticosteroid is included, and what treatment may follow the initial course. The shipment schedule should reflect the clinical plan. A recurring bill does not determine how long a particular ingredient should continue.

Sources

  1. S-01Agency — Dark Spot Rx

    Current $110 price, 18 g / 60-day supply, possible hydroquinone and non-hydroquinone formulas, and clinician-directed transitions. Checked 13 September 2026.

  2. S-02American Academy of Dermatology — melasma treatment

    Diagnosis, sun protection, hydroquinone, retinoid/corticosteroid combinations and alternative topical treatments. Checked 13 September 2026.

  3. S-03FDA — understanding compounded-drug risks

    Compounded preparations do not undergo FDA premarket review for safety, effectiveness or quality; they can meet individual medical needs. Checked 13 September 2026.

  4. S-04American Academy of Dermatology — pregnancy skin care

    Guidance to avoid retinoids and hydroquinone during pregnancy. Breastfeeding decisions need separate clinician advice. Checked 13 September 2026.

EVERY FIGURE HERE RESOLVES TO A RECORD IN THE EVIDENCE REGISTER. NOT MEDICAL ADVICE.
THE DRAW · NO. 01

Win a year of
prescription skincare

One reader gets a 12 months CoreAge Rx derm plan — the compounded, physician-reviewed subscription we take apart in the register. Worth $780. Leave an address and you are entered.

PRIZE
12 MONTHS OF COREAGE RX
VALUE
$780 — $64.99/MO × 12
ENTRY
ONE EMAIL ADDRESS

VALUE IS THE PUBLISHED $64.99/MONTH SUBSCRIPTION PRICE OVER TWELVE MONTHS, AS RECORDED IN R-10. NO PURCHASE NECESSARY. WE REVIEW COREAGE RX — WE DO NOT SELL IT.

DEPTH 000%
THE DRAW · ONE READER

Win a year of
prescription skincare

One reader gets a 12 months CoreAge Rx derm subscription — compounded, physician-reviewed, delivered. See the product records in our review register.

VALUE$780
TERM12 MONTHS$64.99/MO × 12

VALUE IS THE PUBLISHED $64.99/MONTH SUBSCRIPTION PRICE OVER TWELVE MONTHS, AS RECORDED IN R-10. NO PURCHASE NECESSARY. WE REVIEW COREAGE RX — WE DO NOT SELL IT.